Diary of Boo Radley, first entry

Dear Diary:

Tom was Shot and killed. I feel guilty that I can’t come out of the house and help Atticus. Tonight is the Halloween carnival on the Brightside. But ever Since I heard that Bob threatened to kill Atticus, I’ve had this feeling in my gut something and is going to happen soon, maybe even tonight. But I can’t leave, but I also want to leave. I’m sooo confused. I saw Jem and Scout leaving though; she was dressed as a huge ham. It made me laugh so hard! I noticed Atticus was not with them though, so I got quite worried and it would soon be dark, so I think I’m going to go tonight, I might not know these kids personally. I feel the need to protect them though, so I will do that! I have to go get ready.

TKM part 1 Analysis

Questions:

1. What is the reason for the author's choice of a young narrator?

2. How does Jem and Scout's views of Boo Radley change during  part 1 of the book?

3. Atticus tells the children several times that they need to walk in someone else's shoes before judging the person. Describe times when Atticus, Scout or Jem walk in someone else's shoes. How does this change how they view the situations? What role does this advice play in sympathy and compassion? 

4. How do you think Atticus managed his role as a single parent? 

5. Discuss race issues in part 1 of the book.

6. From your reading of part 1, What does To Kill a Mockingbird teach us about how people cope with issues of race and class? Do you classify people in your world as different "folks?" Do you see those sort of distinctions today? 

7. Who is your favorite character from part 1 and why? 

Answers:

1. To show innocence, that is a big part of the book because if you read it in a grown ups view you would wonder why is this grown person making these mistakes, but from a kids point of view everything is new. When reading the book you understand that Scout doesnt understand manners and how to be ladylike, because when you read a book from a kids point of view it is mostly going to be about them still growing up and learning, because they don't know any better. When a person is innocent you have more of a feeling for them, and we can almost all relate to the innocence of a child because at some point we all were.

2. At the beginning of the book Jem, Dill, and herself enjoyed playing "Boo Radley" as a game and tormenting him by trying to have a chance to see him or prove their bravery by touching the house. As time went on, Scout's fears and apprehensions regarding the Radley place slowly disappeared. She mentions how "the Radley Place had ceased to terrify me (her)..." As she matures and is more able to take care of herself, she realizes more and more that Boo Radley is a human being, just like herself.

3. At an early stage in the novel, Jem was able to comfortably step in someone else's shoes and view the situation from their perspective. When Jem confronted Scout after she had beat up Walter Cunningham he said, "'Come on home to dinner with us, Walter'" (Lee, Pg 25) Jem, with his righteous mind and sense of initiative and maturity allowed himself to change his perspective in a way that would be greatly valued later in the novel.

4. I think without Calpurnia there in the house I think that Atticus may get a bit overwhelmed. I say this because both of his children are well raised, but they are adventurous and rowdy. And seeing that Atticus is a defense lawyer he is very busy, and wouldn't have to raise his children as well as a family with two parents. So I think Calpurnia is there to act as the motherly guidance to these children making sure that they are polite and well behaved.

5. In To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, there are many examples of social inequalities and racial profiling. There is a strong social hierarchy in the town of Maycomb. At the top is the Finch family, due to Atticus’ position as a lawyer. Beneath them are the white townspeople who have jobs such as the Cunningham’s, who are farmers, and Ms. Maudie who babysits for Scout. Next are the white trash families like the Ewells. Despite being treated like trash, all of these white people still have a higher status than any of the black people. An example of how the Finch’s are at the top of the social structure is when Walter pours molasses on his dinner and Scout criticizes him by saying, “He’s only a Cunningham.” This shows that even Scout, who is basically a good person, can be influence by the town’s social structure and say mean things.

6. When Jem says "there's four kinds of folks..." he's reflecting the attitude that leads to prejudice - seeing people as part of a group instead of as individuals and expecting members of a group to all behave in the same way.

Scout eventually counters by saying "...there's just one kind of folks. Folks..." This reflects the attitude that Atticus takes consistently. When he talks about other people he focusses on the characteristics of the individual not of the group that individual belongs to.

In my own experience, I've found that I'm more likely to prejudge people because of stereotypes of different social groups.


7. My favorite character is "Boo" Radley because he dominates the imaginations of Jem, Scout, and Dill. He is a powerful symbol of goodness covered in an initial shroud of creepiness, leaving little presents for Scout and Jem and emerging at an opportune moment to save the children.

General Questions about TKM Context

Questions:


1. What is the cultural and educational background of the author?
2. What are the values and aesthetic concerns of the culture of the author (literature movement, cultural movement, society of that time, etc)?
3. What important social, political or economic issues took place in the author's times.


Answers:


1. Born in 1926, Harper Lee grew up in the Southern town of Monroeville, Alabama (very similar to Maycomb in the novel). She attended Huntingdon College in Montgomery (1944–45), and then studied law at the University of Alabama (1945–49). While attending college, she wrote for campus literary magazines: Huntress at Huntingdon and the humor magazine Rammer Jammer at the University of Alabama. At both colleges, she wrote short stories and other works about racial injustice, a rarely mentioned topic on such campuses at the time.


2. The Author was raised at the time of Jim Crows's laws, these laws where based on racism and slavery, so society at that time was very racist (Ku Klux Klan for example), specially in the south of USA because of the big majority of white people. Also she experienced a lot of conflicts during her 
childhood, such as the Dust Bowl, the Great Depression 
and the World War II.




3. In 1931, when Lee was five, nine young black men were accused of raping two white women near Scottsboro, Alabama. After a series of lengthy, highly publicized, and often bitter trials, five of the nine men were sentenced to long prison terms. Many prominent lawyers and other American citizens saw the sentences as spurious and motivated only by racial prejudice, also, she confronted the Great Depression so she sawed and experienced poverty around her childhood.

TKM: CHAPTER 1 ANALYSIS

Questions to the Chapter:


1. What do you learn in this chapter about Maycomb, Atticus Finch and his family?
2. Describe Calpurnia as Scout depicts her in Chapter 1.
3. What does Dill dare Jem to do?
4. The townspeople of Maycomb have some fears and superstitions about the Radley place. Describe these fears and superstitions.
5. How important is bravery to Jem?
6. What do you notice about the narrative voice and viewpoint of the story?


Answers:


1. Maycomb, was an poor, old town, in the grips of the Great Depression. Atticus Finch, was Scout and Jem’s father, he was a lawyer in Maycomb descended from an old local family.  
2. Scout said that she was all angles and bones, she had some big flat hands, and she was always ordering her out of the kitchen.
3. Dill dares Jem to run and touch Radley's house that children thought it was enchanted.
4. Children said that Arthur "Boo" Radley was a phantom 6 feet tall that eats cats and dogs.
5. It is very important to him because he is older than Scout and as an older brother he doesn't want to show weakness.
6. The view point in the novel is from Scout's. She is an adult when she is looking back on the memories of her childhood. She is telling the story in 3rd person and since she is older, has a more mature view of what she did when she was younger.

"A Language without Limits"

The text "A Language without Limits", published in the Toronto Star and written by Deena Kamel, talks about how Language is changing and the different Variations of Language.

In the text the author said English is getting "spiced with flavours from foreign languages", this means that English is expanding and Variating in different cultures, for example Hinglish, Chinglish, Spanglish, and others. The author also said that the English that we hear today will be different to the English of the future, because people is getting creative and people are transforming language in a good way.


Hinglish is the English Variation of Hindi people. This Language started spreading quickly by the internet and satellite channels, is the language of globalization. The University of Wales predict that the world's 350 million Hinglish speakers may soon outnumber the native English speakers in USA and the UK. 


The author also refers of English as a sponge Language, because since it was written around the year 700, it has adopted from Norse, French and Latin, among others. Jack Chambers (professor of sociolinguistics at the University of Toronto) mentioned that English is an amazingly tolerant Language, because it have traveled all around the world and it have being mixing-up with so many cultures and influences.


At the end the author puts a quote of Rena Helms-Park (professor of linguistics at the University of Toronto), "written English will remain stable, but we will see a "melting pot of Englishes".


In my opinion, Deena Kamel has an interesting opinion of people changing English, she thinks that people have being creative and they have being modifying the Language in a good way. Many people will think this is a attack to Language but y concord with her opinion.

Politically Correct Language

The Politically Correct Language is the one we use for not offending anyone or for being respectful. The typical example in United States is white people trying to say "the African American Guy" instead of "the Black Guy" as we can see in this video:




In the video, a worker in a office is doing something, and a mailman appears, the worker didn't looked at him, so when the mailman said "I have a delivery for Richard Evans", he immediately responded "He is the Black Guy", but when he saw the mailman, he started confusing himself by trying to replace the word with a politically correct one.

Sofia Vergara Modern Family

In the TV show Modern Family Sofia Vergara plays the part of Gloria. She is a Colombian that traveled to United States so she speaks with a very bad pronunciation, some kind of Spanglish. Here is the video for you to see:

As you have seen in the the video, Gloria made a lot of mispronunciations, this is because of the location she comes from. English is very hard for her because is her second language, thats why she mix-up English with Spanish (First Language).